What changes should a HHA always observe and report to a nurse supervisor?

• A. Changes in movement or activity
• B. Pain during movement
• C. Bruising
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Noticing and reporting any changes in movement, new pain during movement, or new bruising is essential for safe, timely care. Changes in movement or activity can signal falls, weakness, balance problems, stroke symptoms, or side effects of medications, and they may indicate worsening health or new injuries. Pain during movement points to possible injury, inflammation, or tissue damage that needs evaluation. New bruising can reveal a recent fall, bleeding problems, or medication-related effects, especially with anticoagulants or fragile skin in older adults. Because these signs can evolve quickly, the nurse supervisor needs to assess the situation and determine the appropriate interventions. Document what you observed, when it started, any related events, and the client's current condition, and report promptly.